Techniques other than shock therapy were used as punishment procedures to reduce these behaviors, but this method is the most notorious. ABA has come a long way since these practices. Clinicians are using more ethical treatment procedures that are still effective in garnishing results. Treatments focus on using methods like positive reinforcement to motivate children to engage in the desired behaviors. These reinforcement systems are based off of items or activities that the child has identified as reinforcing and fun, and the rewards are provided consistently and frequently.
Sometimes in ABA, instead of rewarding the right behaviors, therapists will need to focus on decreasing an undesired or inappropriate behavior. The techniques and procedures that are used should be both evidence-based, as well as ethical and humane. Examples of some procedures that might be used include temporarily removing access to a reward that the child has previously earned, or having the child repeat the task again until they can engage in it correctly.
These replacement behaviors typically give children access to the same things, attention, and sensations they may be looking to get, but in a way that is not causing harm or preventing them from learning important life skills.
Examples of this might include teaching your child to request a break during homework by pointing to a picture, instead of them ripping their homework when they are frustrated. Another example includes teaching your child to push their body onto a designated soft crash pad instead of slamming their body into the floor or walls.
ABA is different for each learner, and may involve learning in a more structured setting, such as at a desk or a kitchen table. Other learners may benefit more from learning in a natural environment, such as in a kitchen, or in a playroom. ABA finds ways to incorporate skills and learning into the environment where your child is already most comfortable. A quality ABA provider should be discussing these treatment options and choices with you, and making sure that parents are in the loop!
As research continues to be conducted, the field of ABA will always be fluid--much like other sciences and practices such as medicine, biology, and psychology. Alex S - Success Manager. Skinner, Fred Keller, and Charles Ferster right in All three made important contributions to experimental psychology. Ferster was among the first behaviorists to to show that autistic children could be trained according to the principles of reinforcement and operant conditioning.
Skinner Foundation. Reinforcement was the principle at the foundation of all behaviorist approaches and it informed all of its teaching techniques. It was applied to even the most severely affected non-verbal and self-injurious autistic children.
The apparent indifference of these children to their social environments posed enormous challenges to any kind of human connection, let alone learning. Researchers who championed behaviorism did not care why autistic children lived in worlds of their own or what caused their autistic symptoms. They approached learning empirically and placed their trust in the experimental method. The pioneers of ABA argued that efforts to understand and shape human development required measuring and manipulating what could be directly observed: behavior.
Philosophically, ABA therefore offered an alternative to the dueling theories of psychogenesis and biogenesis. In the field of animal behavior, training techniques featuring reinforcement had been well established for decades. Skinner became a lightning rod for controversy when he turned his attention from pigeons to people. His utopian novel, Walden Two explored what a society based on behaviorist principles might look like. The result was that people were peaceful and happy.
They worked four hours daily and devoted the rest of their time to creative and leisure activities. Moral and religious objections to the novel surfaced quickly. How could a good society flourish without free will? Was there any place for spirituality if nothing fundamental separated humans from other animals? Questions like these were responsible for the reluctance to embrace behavioral techniques in the real worlds of education and medicine. Reference: Aubrey Daniels.
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