Morton on New Atlantis. A number of Christian writers expressed their vision of the Christian ethos in opposition to the Church of their time in the form of Christian Utopias. The Digger , Gerrard Winstanley outlined in detail an egalitarian utopia in which a Parliament elected by universal suffrage decides the law, and the law is enforced by unpaid officers of the state; everyone must work and egalitarianism is strictly enforced.
Charles Fourier's vision of Utopia is based on the absolute suppression of individualism in favour of an all-pervasive collectivism. Fourier was probably responsible for more Utopian projects aimed at implementing his ideas than any other writer. See the Charles Fourier Archive. There is a strong sense in which The French Revolution was a Utopian experiment.
The Decree establishing the Republican Calendar , beginning like Pol Pot from Year Zero and dividing the day into 10 hours, minutes, , seconds etc. The Terror which was the outcome of such a utopian project has been taken by many thinkers Hegel, for example, in The Phenomenology of Spirit as a warning against all forms of utopianism. Similar observations have been made about the Russian Revolution, but it would be more true to say that Utopianism is an element of every progressive social change and every revolution.
Likewise, imaginary republics were used for the purpose of making a political point in a back-handed way. Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton , a member of the ruling elite in Victorian England and a high-ranking colonial official, wrote The Coming Race as a satirical parody on the American utopian movement. Samuel Butler wrote the futuristic Erewhon in response, satirising the injustices of Victorian England by describing a society in which all the laws, moral prejudices and conceptions of science are turned into their opposite.
News from Nowhere , tells of a society which has in some sense reverted to an agricultural and handicraft one. News from Nowhere offers a solution for attaining genuine workers democracy.
Full text of News from Nowhere , William Morris Edward Bellamy tells of a Rip van Winkle who wakes in the year to discover that Socialism has been established. Bellamy's description of socialist society is probably the most developed expression of the social-democratic vision of social progress.
By means of the futuristic device Bellamy does not present an isolated republic to the imagination, but a modern industrial world which has been transformed by socialist cooperation. Looking Backward, , Edward Bellamy In the 20th century, H. Wells extended the Utopian idea through the new medium of Science Fiction.
Homophones, Homographs, and Homonyms The same, but different. Merriam-Webster's Words of the Week - Nov. Ask the Editors 'Everyday' vs. What Is 'Semantic Bleaching'? How 'literally' can mean "figuratively". Literally How to use a word that literally drives some pe Is Singular 'They' a Better Choice? The awkward case of 'his or her'. Take the quiz. Our Favorite New Words How many do you know? How Strong Is Your Vocabulary? Utopian socialists included several authors of the first half of the 19th century who are perceived as the precursors of socialism, such as Saint-Simon and Robert Owen.
Beyond this aspect, Saint-Simonism wished to create a society in which the social classes would join together to manage the nation in the collective interest. Industry would be thought of as the engine of such a society, with politics existing only to maximize it. To do this, Saint-Simon imagined a parliament composed of three chambers: a chamber of inventors who conceive projects, a chamber of scientists who examine the projects, and a chamber of industrialists who adopt and execute them.
Society would be similar to a workshop in which everyone works together, fulfilling his or her role.
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