How has the artist differentiated between men and women in this poster? MORE Poster titled "Proletarian revolutionary rebels unite" source In June middle schools and universities throughout the country closed down as students devoted all their time to Red Guard activities.
Millions of these young students were encouraged to attack "c ounterrevolutionaries" and criticize those in the party who appeared to have deviated from Maoist thought. Below is a painting of a young "Red Guard" participating in the campaign. The big characters on the board read "Field for Criticism. Why do you think the artist chose to include Mao's image in this poster?
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You can find more information in our data protection declaration. DW examines the movement and its impact on Chinese politics and society. Mao Zedong's ideas were supposed to replace them. Mao also called for the neutralization of "counter-revolutionaries" and revisionist elements in the party, embodied by his rival Liu Shaoqi, who had replaced him as president of the People's Republic of China just a few years earlier.
Economically, Liu was more inclined toward market forces like Deng Xiaoping later while politically he favored discipline in the party. For Mao, however, incentives to wealth were anathema. President Liu Shaoqi with students, shortly before he was unseated by Mao during the Cultural Revolution.
At the beginning of the s, Mao lost a considerable amount of power and left Beijing, the center of political power in the country, for Shanghai to consolidate his influence. He was not able to launch a direct attack on the Central Committee, which was dominated by Liu Shaoqi and his allies, so he struck at it indirectly with the aid of farmers, workers, students and high-school students. Mao's "Great Leap Forward" - had led to radical reforms of the agricultural and industrial sectors with catastrophic consequences and millions of deaths.
Therefore, the attack had to take place through culture, especially literature and the newspapers. After Mao and his allies had published preparatory propaganda, the decisive blow against the Liu faction came at the Politburo's "expanded session" of May Mao was able to exclude a large part of Liu's supporters from the inner circle of power.
He then launched a campaign against "Revisionists" in the party, the government, the army and the cultural sector. Chairman Mao had managed to remove his political rivals by August and was able to return to Beijing. A towering statue of Chairman Mao Zedong, whose construction was completed only a few days ago, has been removed.
The Cultural Revolution officially came to an end when Mao died on 9 September at the age of In , on the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Cultural Revolution, she hung herself. Mao had hoped his revolutionary movement would turn China into a beacon of communism.
Leaders such as Xi Jinping, a year-old Beijing schoolboy when the cultural revolution began , had a front row seat to the mayhem, and some even partook in the violence.
Some were punished for the violence while those unfairly purged or persecuted were rehabilitated. But those efforts petered out in the early s as Beijing became wary of implicating itself in the killing at a time of growing opposition from Chinese youth.
And the last thing it wants to say is that we were the guilty ones. First published in and recently translated into English, the book recounts the hardship of a Peking University academic who spent nearly nine months as a prisoner of the Red Guards. Yang provides the larger political backdrop to these granular accounts of cruelty and suffering. In , he became a reporter for Xinhua News Agency, a position that gave him access to many otherwise unreachable sources.
With the Great Leap Forward, Mao had hoped to industrialize China by encouraging household steel production. With the Cultural Revolution, he seemed to sideline economic development in favor of a large-scale engineering of human souls and minds. He feared that the Chinese Revolution, achieved at tremendous cost, risked decaying into a self-aggrandizing, Soviet-style bureaucracy, remote from ordinary people.
Sensing political opposition in his own party, Mao reached beyond it, to people previously not active in politics, for allies. He tapped into widespread grievance among peasants and workers who felt that the Chinese Revolution was not working out for them. In particular, the Red Guards gave Mao a way of bypassing the Party and securing the personal fealty of the fervent rank and file. Many of his fans avoided washing their hands after shaking his. Predictably, though, he soon lost control of the world he had turned upside down.
By early , workers had joined the fray, most significantly in Shanghai, where they surpassed Red Guards in revolutionary fervor. Partly in order to keep the military on his side, Mao named his Defense Minister, Lin Biao, as his official successor, in October, In an extraordinary turn of events, in , Lin died in a plane crash in Mongolia with several of his family members; allegedly, he was fleeing China after failing to assassinate Mao.
Then he changed his mind again, once it became apparent that the lingering malevolence of the Gang of Four was causing people to rally behind Deng.
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